U.S.S.R.

CHART: CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION OR CULTURE

NAME: __Anna Hansell___ PERIOD: ___1915-present__ DATE: USSR__

· **Leaders, Elites** · **State Structure** · **War** · **Diplomacy, Treaties** · **Courts, Laws** || **WWI: Russia, france, britain triple entente vs. triple alliance: germany, italy, Austria-hungary** **Nicholas I (executed), Rasputin (killed)** **February and October Revolutions 1917, soviets, workers soldiers, laborers took over Winter Palace, overthrew gov.** **Lenin and Bolsheviks took over power, withdrew Russia from WWI** **1918-1920: civil war, communists vs. anticommunists** **1921: more peasant uprisings, Lenin made NEP (new economic plan)** **1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics created (U.S.S.R.)** **1929: stalin dictator of ussr** **1930’s: Great Purge, political prisoners, labor/death camps, stalins enemies, gulags** **1939: germany and U.S.S.R. signed nonaggression pact** **1941: Germany invades Soviet Union** **1943: Battle of Stalingrad: soviets defeating germans** **1945: end WWII** **Cold war,** **1953: Stalin died Nikita Krushchev** **1962: Cuban Missile Crisis** **1985: Mikhail S. Gorbachev, head of Communist Party, increased freedom of expressions, worked to improve relations with West** **late** **1987: perestroika “restructuring” launched by Gorbachev, response was bad, so “glasnost” “openness”** **breakup of USSR 1991-1992** || · **Type of System** · **Technology, Industry** · **Trade, Commerce** · **Capital/Money** · **Types of Businesses** || **Economy very bad for peasants, not enough food, working** **Lenin’s NEP: gov. control of major economy aspects (banking, foreign trade, heavy industry,) small businesses kept their control, peasants kept farms** **Stalin’s 1920’s socialist economic program: combining private farms into large gov. owned farms** **collectivization** **Great Purge 1930’s** **Communism didn’t keep up economically, failure** || · **Holy Books** · **Beliefs, Teachings** · **Conversion** · **Sin/Salvation** · **Deities** || **Revolutions and socialism anti religion, orthodox Christian Church seen as part of old rule, Stalin very much against it** **“Five-Year Plan of Atheism”-issued in 1932 until 1937, failed partly because Great Famine 1932-33 strengthened Church’s link to masses,, but around 1936-7, 1942 the Church was enthusiastically welcomed back into the bureaucracy with stalin,** **the church is used to elevate Stalin and the gov.** || · **Family** · **Gender Relations** · **Social Classes** · **Inequalities** · **Life Styles** || **Massive social upheaveal in beginning 1914-1920s, Peasant rebellions frequently, unhappy people** **December and February revolutions,** **Many people, peasants, citizens didn’t like stalin’s rule** **1930’s: Great Purges, Stalin’s enemies sent to labor camps, Siberia, died there** **USSR declared full legal and political equality for women, divorce abortion, pregnancy leave, were all encouraged** || · **Art, Music** · **Writing, Literature** · **Philosophy** · **Math & Science** · **Education** || **Socialist realism: patriotic anti fascist]** **Science: Cold War, nuclear weapons programs, Igor Kurchatov “the father of the soviet atomic bomb”** || · **Location** · **Physical** · **Movement** · **Human/Environment** · **Region** || **St. Petersburg changed to Petrograd** **Moscow made capital 1918** **Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, by 1948, Bulgaria Czechoslovakis, hungary Poland Romania were soviet satellites** ||
 * = POLITICAL =
 * = ECONOMIC =
 * == RELIGIOUS ==
 * == SOCIAL ==
 * == INTELLECTUAL, artS ==
 * == NEAR: GEOGRAPHY ==

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