Ummayad+Persian

CHART: CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION OR CULTURE NAME: ___Katherine Kob_____________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________ · **Leaders, Elites** · **State Structure** · **War** · **Diplomacy, Treaties** · **Courts, Laws** || ** Leaders-caliphs became hereditary rulers, organized by Arab tribal lines ** · **Type of System** · **Technology, Industry** · **Trade, Commerce** · **Capital/Money** · **Types of Businesses** || ** Arabic was the administrative language ** · **Holy Books** · **Beliefs, Teachings** · **Conversion** · **Sin/Salvation** · **Deities** || ** Religion –Islam, Shiite vs. Sunni ** · **Family** · **Gender Relations** · **Social Classes** · **Inequalities** · **Life Styles** || ** Inequalities - Lands taxed not according to religion, Muslims exempt ** · **Art, Music** · **Writing, Literature** · **Philosophy** · **Math & Science** · **Education** || ** Science ** - ** allowed the sciences of the Hellenistic world to flourish in Syria and patronized Semitic and Persian schools in Alexandria, Beirut, Gondēshāpūr, Nisibis, Haran, and Antioch ** · **Location** · **Physical** · **Movement** · **Human/Environment** · **Region** || ** Movement – continuous expansion **
 * =POLITICAL=
 * Elites – arab military aristocracy **
 * State Structure – rule was divided b/w two branches – The Sufaynid and Marwanid, bureaucratic, divided into manageable states **
 * United empire, centralized caliphal authority **
 * Laws – Islamic law – Shari’ah **
 * Modeled after Byzantines ** ||
 * =ECONOMIC=
 * Money – coins w/ Arabic letters **
 * Trade – Indian Ocean, Silk Road, **
 * Technology/Industry - **** new methods of irrigation, fertilization, and crop rotation. ** ||
 * == RELIGIOUS ==
 * Conversion - **** Islam was reserved as a privilege of the Arabs and was not forced upon the conquered peoples **
 * Holy Books – Quran **
 * Deities – Allah ** ||
 * == SOCIAL ==
 * Gender Relations – women submissive to men ** ||
 * == INTELLECTUAL, artS ==
 * Poetry - new impulsion in poetry soon became visible **
 * Music – classical Islamic music developed even further **
 * Education – libraries **
 * Mosques ** ||
 * == NEAR: GEOGRAPHY ==
 * Location – Middle East, some of Europe, North Africa, Central Asia ** ||

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